An exceptional and authentic silver dirham issued during the reign of Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik, one of the most powerful and influential rulers of the Umayyad Caliphate. This remarkable coin was struck in al-Andalus (Islamic Spain) in the year AH 113 (731–732 AD), making it a rare and historically important artifact from the early Islamic presence in Europe

The Umayyad Caliphate expanded rapidly across three continents, and the establishment of al-Andalus marked a defining moment in Islamic and European history. Coins minted in this region reflect not only economic activity but also the spread of Islamic governance, culture, and religion into the Iberian Peninsula.

This dirham belongs to the iconic monetary system introduced by Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan, who reformed Islamic coinage by eliminating images and replacing them with elegant Arabic inscriptions. These coins became a standard currency across the Islamic world and are highly valued today for their historical and religious significance

Al-Hakam bin ‘Awana al-Kalbi, Umayyad Governor of Sindh under Caliph Hisham ibn ‘Abd al-Malik